Mice with human brain cells offer a tool to study disease. Ethicists ask: What's next?

Neuroscientists created mice with human brain cells to model cerebral palsy and other neurological conditions. The development raised questions among ethicists about welfare standards for such mice. Researchers at Stanford University and other institutions grafted human neural cells into mouse brains to study disease mechanisms. The National Institutes of Health convened an ethics panel to evaluate the implications in 2025. No new regulations on the use of such animals have been implemented.

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