Can China target critics abroad with its new 'ethnic unity' law?

China passed a law in 2024 addressing ethnic affairs and national unity. The law expands government authority over ethnic communities and religious organizations within China's borders. International human rights organizations, including Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International, stated the legislation could be used to target diaspora members and critics living outside China. The law authorizes Chinese authorities to pursue individuals who the government determines threaten national unity, though enforcement beyond Chinese territory remains uncertain and dependent on international cooperation with other nations.

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